The Center for Victims of Torture advocates on behalf of torture victims. This article describes common types of torture and details the range of physical and psychological injuries caused by torture.
The United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Punishment (CAT) was adopted by the UN in 1984. The CAT defines torture and requires states to take preventative steps against torture.
Rejali argues that democracies have set the international pace for torture by pioneering and exporting modern torture techniques: methods that leave no marks. Rejali also questions whether torture really works, refuting arguments in favor of torture.
The ICRC explains the definition of torture according to International Humanitarian Law (IHL).
This report studies the evolving interpretations of the meaning of torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishment. The aim of the report is to provide the EU with a solid foundation for its dealings with torture.
Lawyers, political theorists, social scientists, and public intellectuals contribute to this volume to debate the use of torture since 9/11. Important themes include the difference between conceptions of torture and cruel and inhumane treatment and the philosophical discussion of torture versus torture in practice.
Crelinsten examines how a torture-sustaining society is formed, maintained, and institutionalized, how it can be dismantled and, ultimately, how to prevent it from forming in the first place.(not available for free)
The Tokyo Declaration was adopted in October 1975 during the 29th General assembly of the World Medical Association. The Declaration states that doctors should never aid or act complicitly in torture
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, includes freedom from torture as an inalienable human right.
